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BPMN Modelling Elements

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<b>Basic BPMN Modelling Elements</b></h2>
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Business Process Model and Notation

1:13 PM Sailaja K 0

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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is BPMN?</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BPMN is flow-chart based notation for defining Business Processes BPMN is an agreement between multiple modelling tools vendors, who had their own notations, to use a single notation for the benefit of end-user understand and training.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is Process Modelling?</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The capturing of an ordered sequence of business activities and supporting information.Business processes describe how a business pursues its objectives.There are different levels of process modelling:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Process Maps</b> – simple flow charts of the activities</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Process Descriptions –</b> flow charts extended with additional information, but not enough to fully define actual performance.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Process Models –</b> flow charts extended with enough information so that the process can be analyzed, simulated, and/or executed</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BPMN Process Types</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The BPMN core elements, which include those defined in the Infrastructure, Foundation, Common, and Service packages</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Process</b> diagrams, which include the elements defined in the <b>Process, Activities</b>, Data, and Human Interaction packages.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Collaboration</b> diagrams, which include <b>Pools</b> and <b>Message Flow</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Conversation</b> diagrams, which include <b>Pools, Conversations</b>, and <b>Conversation Links</b>.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Private (Internal) Business Processes:</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Private Business Processes are those internal to a specific organization.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If a swim lanes-like notation is used (e.g., a Collaboration, see below) then a private Business Process will be contained within a single Pool. The Process flow is therefore contained within the Pool and cannot cross the boundaries of the Pool. The flow of Messages can cross the Pool boundary to show the interactions that exist between separate private Business Processes.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Public Processes</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A public Process represents the interactions between a private Business Process and another Process or Participant </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Only those Activities that are used to communicate to the other Participant(s) are included in the public Process. All other “internal” Activities of the private Business Process are not shown in the public Process. Public Processes can be modelled separately or within a Collaboration to show the flow of Messages between the public Process Activities and other Participants.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Collaborations</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Collaboration depicts the interactions between two or more business entities. Collaboration usually contains two or more Pools, representing the Participants in the Collaboration. The Message exchange between the Participants is shown by a Message Flow that connects two Pools (or the objects within the Pools). The Messages associated with the Message Flows can also be shown.All combinations of Pools, Processes, and Choreography are allowed in Collaboration.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Choreographies</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A self-contained Choreography (no Pools or Orchestration) is a definition of the expected behaviour, basically a procedural contract, between interacting Participants. While a normal Process exists within a Pool, Choreography exists between Pools (or Participants).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Choreography looks similar to a private Business Process since it consists of a network of Activities, Events, and Gateways. However, Choreography is different in that the Activities are interactions that represent a set of Message exchanges, which involves two (2) or more Participants.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conversations</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Conversation diagram is a particular usage of and an informal description of a Collaboration diagram. However, the Pools of a Conversation usually do not contain a Process and Choreography is usually not placed in between the Pools of a Conversation diagram.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Conversation is the logical relation of Message exchanges. The logical relation, in practice, often concerns a business object(s) of interest, e.g., “Order,” “Shipment and Delivery,” or “Invoice.”</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diagram Point of View</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since a BPMN Diagram MAY depict the Processes of different Participants, each Participant could view the Diagram differently.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Understanding the Behaviour of Diagrams:</span></b></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sequence Flows are used within a Process.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Start Event generates a token that MUST eventually be consumed at an End Event (which MAY be implicit if not graphically displayed). The path of tokens should be traceable through the network of Sequence Flows, Gateways, and Activities within a Process.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Note –</b> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A token does not traverse a Message Flow since it is a Message that is passed down a Message Flow. Message Flow is used to communicate between the pools.</span></h4>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BPMN Elements</span></b></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The five basic categories of elements are:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Flow Objects</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Connecting Objects</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Swim lanes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Artifacts</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Flow Objects:</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main graphical elements to define the behaviour of a Business Process. There are three Flow Objects:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Events</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Activities</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Gateways</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Data </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">is represented with the four elements:</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data Objects</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data Inputs</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data Outputs</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data Stores</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Connecting Objects</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are four ways of connecting the Flow Objects to each other or other information:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Sequence Flows</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Message Flows</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Associations</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Data Associations</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Swim lanes</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are two ways of grouping the primary modelling elements through “Swim lanes:”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Pools</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Lanes</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Artifacts:</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Artifacts are used to provide additional information about the Process. There are two standardized Artifacts, but modellers or modelling tools are free to add as many Artifacts as necessary. There could be additional BPMN efforts to standardize a larger set of Artifacts for general use or for vertical markets.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Group</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Text Annotation</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sample BPMN Diagram</span></b></h2>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Development Methodology</span></b></h2>
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